Articulating Inclusion of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53797/ujssh.v4i1.30.2025Keywords:
generative artificial intelligence (GAI), higher education, personalized learning, ethical challengesAbstract
The inclusion of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) in higher education is revolutionizing teaching, learning, and research processes, presenting new opportunities and challenges to institutions worldwide. This paper explores the multidimensional inclusion of GAI in transforming higher education, with an emphasis on its applications in content development, individualized learning, and academic support systems. By utilizing algorithms capable of producing creative outputs such as text, images, and simulations, GAI enables the automation of administrative processes, increasing efficiency while promoting personalized learning experiences. This paper also looks at how GAI is utilized to enhance traditional pedagogical frameworks, giving educators new tools for curriculum creation and assessment. However, in addition to its potential benefits, GAI inclusion raises important ethical, pedagogical, and technological challenges, such as data privacy, academic integrity, and the digital divide. This paper examines the growing significance of GAI with a review of existing literature, case studies, and expert perspectives, highlighting its potential to alter educational practices while advocating appropriate applications. The findings are intended to provide an exhaustive framework for policymakers, educators, and technology developers to guide the effective and ethical integration of GAI into higher education institutions. Finally, this paper contributes to the discussion of how GAI might improve academic experiences and prepare future generations for a fast-changing technological landscape.
References
Al-Mughairi, H. (2024). Exploring the factors affecting the adoption AI techniques in higher education: Insights from teachers' perspectives on ChatGPT. Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching & Learning.
Aghaee, N., Vragard, J. & Brorsson, F. (2024). Generative AI in higher education: Educators’ perspectives on academic learning and integrity. European Conference on e-Learning, 23(1), 406-414. DOI:10.34190/ecel.23.1.3090.
Al Abri, M., Al Mamari, A. & Al Marzouqi, Z. (2025). Exploring the implications of generative-AI tools in teaching and learning practices. Journal of Education and E-Learning Research, 12(1), 31–41. DOI:10.20448/jeelr.v12i1.6355
Alhumaid, K., Al Naqbi, S., Elsori, D. & Mansoori, M. (2023). The adoption of artificial intelligence applications in education. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 7(1), 457-466. DOI:10.5267/j.ijdns.2022.8.013.
Alotaibi, N. S. (2024). The impact of AI and LMS integration on the future of higher education: Opportunities, challenges, and strategies for transformation. Sustainability, 16(23), 1-21. DOI:10.3390/su162310357.
Al-Zahrani, A. M. & Alasmari, T. M. (2024). Exploring the impact of artificial intelligence on higher education: The dynamics of ethical, social, and educational implications. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11, 1-12. DOI:10.1057/s41599-024-03432-4/
Andersen, J. P., Degn, L., Fishberg, R., Graversen, E. K., Horbach, S. P. J. M., Schmidt, E. K., Schneider, J. W. & Sorensen, M. P. (2025). Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in the research process – A survey of researchers’ practices and perceptions. Technology in Society, 81, 1-11. DOI:10.1016/j.techsoc.2025.102813.
Balalle, H. & Pannilage, S. (2025). Reassessing academic integrity in the age of AI: A systematic literature review on AI and academic integrity. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 11, 1-9. DOI:10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.101299.
Batista, J., Mesquita, A. & Carnaz, G. (2024). Generative AI and higher education: Trends, challenges, and future directions from a systematic literature review. Information, 15(11), 10.3390/info15110676.
Boateng, O. & Boateng, B. (2025). Algorithmic bias in educational systems: Examining the impact of AI-driven decision making in modern education. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 25(01), 2012-2017. DOI:10.30574/wjarr.2025.25.1.0253.
Cardona, M. A., Rodriguez, R. J. & Ishmael, K. (2023). Artificial intelligence and the future of teaching and learning: Insights and recommendations. Washington: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Educational Technology.
Chanda, T., Sain, Z., Yusuf, R., Shogbesan, O., Vinandi, T., Wisdom, T. & Akpan, W. (2024). Ethical implications of AI and machine learning in education: A systematic analysis. International Journal of Instructional Technology, 3(01), 1-13. DOI:10.15408/ijit.vxix.xxxx.
Chen, Z. & Zainudin, Z. (2024). Systematic review on developing digital literacy approach in higher education institutions. Uniglobal Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities,3(2), 234-241. DOI:10.53797/ujssh.v3i2.22.2024
Chen, S., Xu, X., Zhang, H. & Zhang, Y. (2023). Roles of ChatGPT in virtual teaching assistant and intelligent tutoring system: opportunities and challenges. Proceedings of the 2023 5th World Symposium on Software Engineering, 23, 201-206. DOI:10.1145/3631991.3632024.
Chen, X., Xie, H., Qin, S. J., Wang, F. L. & Hou, Y. (2025), Artificial intelligence-supported student engagement research: Text mining and systematic analysis. European Journal of Education, 60, 1-16. DOI:10.1111/ejed.70008..
Cordero, Jorge, Jonathan Torres-Zambrano, and Alison Cordero-Castillo. "Integration of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education: Best Practices." Education Sciences 15.1 (2024): 32.
Watch, A. I. "Historical Evolution of Artificial Intelligence." Analysis of three main paradigm shifts in AI (2020).
Francis, N. J., Jones, S. & Smith, D. P. (2025). Generative AI in higher education: Balancing innovation and integrity. British Journal of Biomedical Science, 81, 1-9. DOI:10.3389/bjbs.2024.14048
Funa, A. A. & Gabay, R. A. E. (2025). Policy guidelines and recommendations on AI use in teaching and learning: A meta-synthesis study. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 11, 1-9. DOI:10.1016/j.ssaho.2024.101221.
Geroche, J. B., & Guay, F. J. G. (2024). AI in education: Unlocking college student engagement in the digital learning era. International Research Journal of Science, Technology, Education, and Management, 4(4), 52-64. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14744229
Giannakos, M., Azevedo, R., Brusilovsky, P., Cukurova, M., Dimitriadis, Y., Davinia, H., Jarvela, S., Mavrikis, M. & Rienties, B. (2024). The promise and challenges of generative AI in education. Behaviour & Information Technology, 9, 1-27. DOI:10.1080/0144929X.2024.2394886.
Gocen, A. & Aydemir, F. (2020). Artificial intelligence in education and schools. Research on Education and Media, 12(1), 13-21. DOI:10.2478/rem-2020-0003.
Huang, L. (2023). Ethics of artificial intelligence in education: Student privacy and data protection. Science Insights Education Frontiers, 16(2), 2577-2587. DOI:10.15354/sief.23.re202.
Hughes, L., Malik, T., Dettmer, S., Al-Busaidi, A. & Dwivedi, Y. (2025). Reimagining higher education: Navigating the challenges of generative AI adoption. Information Systems Frontiers, 2, 1-23. DOI:10.1007/s10796-025-10582-6.
Taylor, Deborah L., Michelle Yeung, and A. Z. Bashet. "Personalized and adaptive learning." Innovative learning environments in STEM higher education: Opportunities, Challenges, and Looking Forward (2021): 17-34.
Kamalov, F., Santandreu Calonge, D. & Gurrib, I. (2023). New era of artificial intelligence in education: Towards a sustainable multifaceted revolution. Sustainability, 15(16), 1-12. DOI:10.3390/su151612451.
Katonane Gyonyoru, I. K. (2024). The Role of AI-based adaptive learning systems in digital education. Journal of Applied Technical and Educational Sciences, 14(2), 1-12. DOI:10.24368/jates380.
Khan, M., Parahyanti, E. & Hussain, S. (2024). The role generative ai in human resource management: Enhancing operational efficiency, decision-making, and addressing ethical challenges. Asian Journal of Logistics Management, 3(2), 104-125. DOI:10.14710/ajlm.2024.24671.
Khatri, B. B. (2023). Artificial intelligence (AI) in higher education: Growing academic integrity and ethical concerns. Nepalese Journal of Development and Rural Studies, 20(1), 1-7. DOI:10.3126/njdrs.v20i01.64134.
Klimova, B. & Pikhart, M. (2025). Exploring the effects of artificial intelligence on student and academic well-being in higher education: A mini review. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1-5. DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1498132.
Kuok Ho, D. T. (2024). Implications of artificial intelligence for teaching and learning. Acta Pedagogia Asiana, 3(21), 65-79. DOI:10.53623/apga.v3i2.404.
Lee, D., Arnold, M., Srivastava, A., Plastow, K., Strelan, P., Ploeckl, F., Lekkas, D. & Palmer, E. (2024). The impact of generative AI on higher education learning and teaching: A study of educators’ perspectives. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 6, 1-10, DOI: 10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100221.
Liu, Z. L. (2025). Generative AI and Mobile Learning in Higher Education: Comparing Student and Faculty Perspectives on Employability Impact. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 19(1), 34-45. DOI:10.3991/ijim.v19i01.51325.
Lowe, M. (2024). The more things change: The ethical impacts of artificial intelligence in higher education. Research Issues in Contemporary Education, 9(2), 19-56. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1435770.pdf
Masbaka, S., Hashim, J., Abdul Aziz, F. I. & Salam, S. N. (2024). The role of knowledge about generative ai on decision-making among leaders in public universities. Jurnal Komunikasi Borneo, 12, 1-16. DOI:10.51200/jkob.v12i.
Masrek, M. N., Wahi Anuar, M. S. & Mazlan, N. H. (2025). Harnessing generative AI in human resources: A strategic approach to cost reduction and workforce optimization. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Sciences, 9(1), 2343-2355. DOI: 10.47772/IJRISS
Mauti, Jared Momanyi, and Dennis Song’oro Ayieko. "Ethical Implications of Artificial Intelligence in University Education." East African Journal of Education Studies 8.1 (2024): 159-167.
Michel-Villarreal, R., Vilalta-Perdomo, E., Salinas-Navarro, D. E., Thierry-Aguilera, R. & Gerardou, F. S. (2023). Challenges and opportunities of generative AI for higher education as explained by ChatGPT. Education Sciences, 13(9), 1-18. DOI:10.3390/educsci13090856.
Moya Figueroa, B., Eaton, S., Pethrick, H., Hayden, A., Brennan, R., Wiens, J. & McDermott, B. (2024). Academic integrity and artificial intelligence in higher education (HE) contexts: A rapid scoping review. Canadian Perspectives on Academic Integrity, 7(3), 1-19. DOI:10.55016/ojs/cpai.v7i3.78123.
Mozelius, P. & Humble, N. (2024). On the use of generative AI for literature reviews: An exploration of tools and techniques. European Conference on Research Methodology for Business and Management Studies, 23(1), 161-168. DOI:10.34190/ecrm.23.1.2528.
Nguyen, Andy, et al. "Ethical principles for artificial intelligence in education." Education and information technologies 28.4 (2023): 4221-4241.
Nikolopoulou, K. (2025). Generative artificial intelligence and sustainable higher education: Mapping the potential. Journal of Digital Educational Technology, 5(1), 1-11. DOI:10.30935/jdet/15860
Panda, S. & Kaur, N. (2024). Exploring the role of generative AI in academia: Opportunities and challenges. IP Indian Journal of Library Science and Information Technology, 9(1), 12-23. DOI:10.18231/j.ijlsit.2024.003.
Pang, W. & Wei, Z. (2025). Shaping the future of higher education: A technology usage study on generative AI innovations. Information, 16(2), 1-37. DOI:10.3390/info16020095.
Salman, H., Aliif, M., Ibrahim, R. & Mahmood, J. (2025). Systematic analysis of generative AI tools integration in academic research and peer review. Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, 15(1), 1-20. DOI:10.30935/ojcmt/15832.
Slimi, Z. (2023). The impact of artificial intelligence on higher education: An empirical study. European Journal of Educational Sciences, 10(1), 17-33. DOI:10.19044/ejes.v10no1a17.
Sutedjo, A., Liu, S. & Chowdhury, M. (2025). Generative AI in higher education: A cross-institutional study on faculty preparation and resources. Studies in Technology Enhanced Learning, 4, 1-25. DOI:10.21428/8c225f6e.955a547e.
Tsekea, S. & Mandoga, E. (2025). The ethics of artificial intelligence use in university libraries in Zimbabwe. Frontier in Research Metrics and Analytics, 9, 1-7. DOI:10.3389/frma.2024.1522423.
Wang, S., Wang, F., Zhu, Z., Wang, J., Tran, T. & Du, Z. (2024). Artificial intelligence in education: A systematic literature review. Expert Systems with Applications, 22, 1-19. DOI:10.1016/j.eswa.2024.124167.
Yan, Y. & Liu, H. (2024). Ethical framework for AI education based on large language models. Education and Information Technologies, 12, 1-19. DOI:10.1007/s10639-024-13241-6.
Polat, Murat, İbrahim Hakan Karataş, and Nurgün Varol. "Ethical Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Educational Leadership: Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis." Leadership and Policy in Schools 24.1 (2025): 46-76.
Michel-Villarreal, Rosario, et al. "Challenges and opportunities of generative AI for higher education as explained by ChatGPT." Education Sciences 13.9 (2023): 856.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Yu Cai, Zaheril Zainudin
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
